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X 15 3 - The North American X-15 is a supersonic rocket plane. It was used by the US Air Force and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration as part of the X-Plane series of experimental aircraft. The X-15 set speed and altitude records in the 1960s, reaching the edge of space and returning valuable data used in the design of aircraft and spacecraft. The X-15 has a top speed of 4,520 miles per hour (7,274 km/h; 2,021 m/s);

When William J. Knight flew at Mach 6.7 at an altitude of 102,100 feet (31,120 m) or 19.34 miles. Powered by this aircraft, it holds the official world record for the highest speed recorded by a powered aircraft.

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Of these, 8 pilots flew a combined 13 flights that met Air Force flight standards, exceeding 50 miles (80 km) in altitude, making these pilots qualified as astronauts. Two of these 13 flights (flown by a single normal pilot) were within the FAI's definition of terrain (100 miles). Five Air Force pilots soon qualified for military astronaut wings, and three regular pilots earned NASA astronaut wings in 2005, 35 years after the first X-15 flight.

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Requests for proposals (RFPs) were issued on December 30, 1954, for aerospace and February 4, 1955, for rocketry. The X-15 was built by two manufacturers: North American Airlines was awarded the aerospace contract in November 1955, and Jet Motor Company was awarded the Genealogy contract in 1956.

Like most X-series aircraft, the X-15 was designed to be transported at high altitude and launched under the wing of the B-52 mothership. Air Force NB-52A, "High and Mighty" (Serial 52-0003), NB-52B, "Declarer of War" (Serial 52-0008, Group 8) All X-15 aircraft were carrier aircraft. The X-15 was launched from NB-52A at an altitude of 8.5 miles (13.7 km) at a speed of 500 mph (805 km/h).

The X-15's fuselage is long and cylindrical, and the rear fairing softens its appearance, with strong, curved and vertical bars. The fuselage section (outer skin

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Retractable landing gear consists of a nose wheel carriage and two back plates. The slide did not extend beyond the vertical point, causing the pilot to cut the bottom tip before landing. The lower end is returned by parachute.

The X-15 was a product of developmental research, and various systems were modified during the program, resulting in different models. X. prefix of main-gine. The main rocket bomb only served a small portion of the flight, but it lifted the X-15 to great speed and altitude. Without the main gen thruster, the X-15's navigation and control system remained operational, but the aircraft was unable to maintain altitude.

The X-15 also had a reaction control system (RCS) that used rocket thrusters because it had to be controlled in flight with very little air in the aerodynamic flight control areas.

The X-15's responsive control system, with multiple control sticks for the driver, has a traditional joystick to the left of the 3-axis joystick.

Nasa Dryden X 15 Photo Collection

In addition to pilot input, the X-15's "Stability Augmentation System" (SAS) is equipped with aerodynamic controls to help the pilot maintain attitude control.

In automatic mode, a feature called the "Reaction Assist System" (RAS) is used to help stabilize the vehicle at altitude.

Another control system used in the MH-96's flight control system was a single joystick instead of the three control inputs and controls.

The MH-96 can automatically adjust and adjust controls depending on how effective each system is in controlling the flight.

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Among the many controls are the rocket launcher and tail end controls.

Other cockpit features include heated windows with pre-icing and a headrest when descending at high speeds.

The X-15 has a launch pad and can operate at Mach 4 (4,500 km/h; 2,800 mph) and/or an altitude of 120,000 meters (37 km). system.

As a result of ejection, the seat is deployed until a safe speed/altitude is reached to deploy the main parachute.

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At 35,000 ft (11 km), the cockpit was pressurized to 3.5 psi (24 kPa; 0.24 atm) with nitrogen gas, and breathing oxygen was supplied separately to the pilot.

The first 24-strong aircraft used two liquid-propellant XLR11 jet-engine bombers, providing a total thrust of 16,000 lbf (27 kN) compared to 6,000,000 lbf (27 kN) provided by a single XLR11 in 1947, making the X1-1947, the first high-powered aircraft The XLR11 uses ethyl alcohol and liquid oxygen.

By November 1960, Reaction Motors had introduced the XLR99 rocket engine, producing 57,000 lbf (250 kN) of thrust. The remaining 175 aircraft were X-15 XLR99 models, equipped with infantry fighting vehicles. The XLR99 uses hydrogenated ammonia and liquid oxygen as propellants, with hydrogen peroxide as the propellant.

Jules Bergman wrote his book Nine Seconds Out of the Universe, describing the flight time of an airplane.

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The X-15 Reaction Control System (RCS) uses high-pressure propellant (HTP) to operate at low pressure/dsity, reducing it to water and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst to provide some propulsion. 140 s (1.4 km/s).

Additional tanks of helium and liquid nitrogen perform other functions. The interior of the fuselage was purged with helium gas, and liquid nitrogen was used as a coolant in various systems.

The X-15 has a tapered tail that allows it to fly more stably at higher speeds.

The X-15's blue D balloons on the back can produce the same drag as an F-104 Starfighter.

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A wave form is used because it is more effective than a tail fin rather than a stabilizer at the speed of sound. A vertical tail area equal to 60 percent of the wing area was required to give the X-15 sufficient directional stability. - Wdell H. Stillwell, X-15 Research Results (SP-60)

At high speeds, the surface area can be increased thanks to the side panels that can be extended from the tail, and these panels fold like air brakes.

X-15 pilots from December 1965, left to right: Joe Gle, Bob Rushworth, John McKay, Pete Knight, Milt Thompson, and Bill Dana.

Beginning in 1958, United States Air Force (USAF) and NACA officials discussed the Orbital X-15 Space Plane, which would be launched into space atop the X-15B SM-64 Navajo rocket. After NACA became NASA, it was canceled and replaced by Project Mercury.

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By 1959, the Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar spacecraft system had become the preferred method of launching American space shuttles into orbit. The plan was canceled in the early 1960s before a working car was built.

The first flight of the X-15 was Scott Crossfield's unpowered plane on June 8, 1959. Pilots flew the X-15. Among these were Neil Armstrong, later a NASA astronaut and the first man to walk on the moon, and later NASA Space Shuttle Commander Joe Glee.

In a 1962 proposal, NASA considered using the B-52/X-15 as a launch pad for the Blue Scout rocket to place a 150-pound (68 kg) satellite into orbit.

In July and August 1963, astronaut Joe Walker became the first man in space to reach an altitude of 100 kilometers, joining NASA astronauts and Soviet cosmonauts. The USAF gives astronaut wings to those who reach an altitude of 50 km (80 km), and the FAI limits the space to 100 km (62.1 mi).

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On November 15, 1967, US Air Force pilot Major Michael J. Adams X-15 Flight X X 15-3, AF Ser. 56-6672, which was swinging heavily on descent, rocked uncontrollably as aerodynamic forces increased after repeated tests. Since his plane's flight control system operated the control area within its limits, the acceleration was 15 g0 (150 m/s2) vertically and 8.0 g0 (78 m/s2) laterally. The airspace was disrupted by 60,000 feet (18 km), spreading the X-15's wreckage over 50 square miles (130 km).

Major Adams earned his Air Force astronaut wings on his last flight in an X-15-3, reaching an altitude of 50.4 miles (81.1 km). In 1991, his name was added to the Space Memorial.

It is 2.4 feet (73 cm) long and has auxiliary oil tanks on the outside of its fuselage and wings, with full heat resistant wipers. It made its first flight on June 25, 1964. Top speed reached 420,520 miles per hour.

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